He huānga matū tēnei me te tohu matū Ni me te nama ngota 28. He konganuku hiriwa mā kanapa, he iti te koura i roto i tōna tae hiriwa mā. He konganuku whakawhiti te nikara, he mārō, he ngāwari hoki. He tino teitei te mahi matū o te nikara parakore, ā, ka kitea tēnei mahi i roto i te āhua paura e whakanuia ana te horahanga mata tauhohe, engari ka āta tauhohe te konganuku nikara nui ki te hau e karapoti ana nā te mea kua hangaia he paparanga waikura tiaki ki runga i te mata. Ahakoa rā, nā te nui o te mahi i waenga i te nikara me te hāora, he uaua tonu te kimi i te nikara konganuku tūturu i runga i te mata o te whenua. Ko te nikara tūturu i runga i te mata o te whenua kei roto i ngā meteorite nikara-rino nui ake, nā te mea kāore e taea e ngā meteorite te uru atu ki te hāora ina noho ana rātou i te wāhi. I runga i te whenua, ka honoa tonutia tēnei nikara tūturu ki te rino, e whakaatu ana koinei ngā hua matua o te hanga nucleosynthesis supernova. E whakaponohia whānuitia ana ko te pūtake o te whenua he ranunga nikara-rino.
Ko te whakamahinga o te nikara (he konukōre nikara-rino tūturu) i tīmata mai i te tau 3500 BC. Ko Axel Frederick Kronstedt te tuatahi ki te wehe i te nikara me te tautuhi i a ia hei huānga matū i te tau 1751, ahakoa i te tuatahi i pohehe ia i te konganuku nikara hei kohuke parahi. Ko te ingoa ke o te nikara i ahu mai i te korokoro kino o taua ingoa i roto i te pūrākau a ngā kaimaina Tiamana (Nikara, he rite ki te īngoa karanga "Old Nick" mō te rewera i te reo Ingarihi). Ko te puna nikara tino ohanga ko te rino limonite, e 1-2% te nikara kei roto. Ko ētahi atu kohuke nui mō te nikara ko te pentlandite me te pentlandite. Ko ngā kaihanga nui o te nikara ko te rohe o Soderbury i Kanata (e whakaponohia ana he rua pahūtanga meteorite), New Caledonia i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, me Norilsk i Rūhia.
Nā te mea ka puhoi te waikura o te nikara i te pāmahana rūma, e kiia ana he ātete ki te waikura. Nā konei, kua whakamahia te nikara hei whakakikorua i ngā momo mata, pērā i ngā konganuku (pērā i te rino me te parahi), te roto o ngā taputapu matū, me ētahi koranu e hiahia ana kia mau tonu te kanapa o te hiriwa (pērā i te hiriwa nikara). Tata ki te 6% o te hanga nikara o te ao e whakamahia tonutia ana hei whakakikorua nikara parakore ātete ki te waikura. I mua ko te nikara he wāhanga noa o ngā moni, engari kua whakakapia tēnei e te rino iti ake te utu, nā te mea he mate pāwera kiri ētahi tāngata ki te nikara. Ahakoa tēnei, i tīmata anō a Peretānia ki te hanga moni i roto i te nikara i te tau 2012, ahakoa ngā whakahē a ngā tākuta kiri.
Ko te nikara tētahi o ngā huānga e whā anake he ferromagnetic i te pāmahana rūma. Ko ngā aukume tuturu alnico kei roto i te nikara he kaha aukume i waenga i te kaha aukume o ngā aukume tuturu kei roto i te rino me ngā aukume whenua onge. Ko te tūnga o te nikara i te ao hou nā ōna momo koranu. Tata ki te 60% o te hanga nikara o te ao e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā momo maitai nikara (ina koa ko te maitai kore waikura). Ko ētahi atu koranu noa, me ētahi superalloys hou, te nuinga o te whakamahinga nikara e toe ana o te ao. Ko ngā whakamahinga matū hei hanga pūhui he iti iho i te 3 ōrau o te hanga nikara. Hei pūhui, he maha ngā whakamahinga motuhake o te nikara i roto i te hanga matū, hei tauira hei whakakorikori mō ngā tauhohenga hauwai. Ka whakamahia e ngā whākōkī o ētahi moroiti me ngā tipu te nikara hei pae hohe, nō reira he matūkai nui te nikara mō rātou. [1]