I te tipu haere o te konumohe i roto i te umanga hanga whakarewa, me tōna whakaaetia hei huarahi pai hei whakakapi i te maitai mō ngā mahi maha, kei te piki haere ngā whakaritenga mō te hunga e whai wāhi ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa konumohe kia mōhio ake ki tēnei rōpū rauemi. Hei mārama rawa atu ki te konumohe, he mea tika kia tīmata mā te mōhio ki te pūnaha tautuhi/tohu konumohe, ki ngā koranu konumohe maha e wātea ana me ō rātou āhuatanga.

Te Pūnaha Whakamārō me te Tohu o te Konumohe Konumohe- I Amerika Te Raki, ko The Aluminum Association Inc. te kawenga mō te tohatoha me te rēhitatanga o ngā koranu konumohe. I tēnei wā, neke atu i te 400 ngā koranu konumohe whakairo me ngā koranu konumohe whakairo, me te neke atu i te 200 ngā koranu konumohe i roto i te āhua o ngā whakarewa me ngā ingo kua rēhitatia ki te Aluminum Association. Kei roto i ngā ture a te Aluminum Association ngā rohe hanganga matū o te koranu mō ēnei koranu kua rēhitatia katoa.Pukapuka Tīhiko "Ngā Tohunga Koranu ā-Ao me ngā Herenga Hanga Matū mō te Konumohe Whakairoiro me ngā Koranu Konumohe Whakairoiro" me roto i ā rātouPukapuka Māwheroko te taitara "Ngā Whakaingoatanga me ngā Herenga Hanga Matū mō ngā Koranu Konumohe i te Āhua o ngā Maka me ngā Ingota. He tino whai hua ēnei tuhinga ki te kaihanga whakarewa i te wā e whakawhanake ana i ngā tikanga whakarewa, me te wā he mea nui te whakaaro ki te matū me tōna hononga ki te aro ki ngā pakaru.

Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā koranu konumohe ki ētahi rōpū i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi motuhake pēnei i tōna kaha ki te aro ki te maimoatanga wera me te miihini me te huānga koranu tuatahi i tāpirihia ki te koranu konumohe. Ina whakaarohia te pūnaha tau/tāutu e whakamahia ana mō ngā koranu konumohe, ka tautuhia ngā āhuatanga o runga ake nei. He rerekē ngā pūnaha tāutu o ngā konumohe whakarewa me ngā konumohe whao. He pūnaha mati-whā te pūnaha whao, ā, he pūnaha mati-toru me te pūnaha wāhi ira-1 ngā mea whakarewa.

Pūnaha Tohu Koranu Whakairo- Ka whakaarohia tuatahitia e tātou te pūnaha tautuhi koranu konumohe whao mati-4. Ko te mati tuatahi (Xxxx) e tohu ana i te huānga matua o te whakarewa, kua tāpirihia ki te whakarewa konumohe, ā, e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i te raupapa whakarewa konumohe, arā, te raupapa 1000, te raupapa 2000, te raupapa 3000, tae atu ki te raupapa 8000 (tirohia te ripanga 1).

Ko te mati kotahi tuarua (xXxx), mēnā he rerekē i te 0, e tohu ana i te whakarerekētanga o te koranu motuhake, ā, ko ngā mati tuatoru me te tuawhā (xxXX) he tau noa iho e hoatu ana hei tautuhi i tētahi koranu motuhake i roto i te raupapa. Tauira: I roto i te koranu 5183, ko te tau 5 e tohu ana nō te raupapa koranu konupora, ko te 1 e tohu ana ko te 1^stwhakarerekētanga ki te koranu taketake 5083, ā, e tautuhia ana tēnei e te 83 i roto i te raupapa 5xxx.

Ko te mea anake e kore e taea te whakamahi i tēnei pūnaha tatau koranu ko ngā koranu konumohe raupapa 1xxx (konumohe parakore) i tēnei wā, ko ngā mati e rua whakamutunga e whakarato ana i te ōrau konumohe iti rawa atu i runga ake i te 99%, arā, ko te Koranu 13.(50)(99.50% te iti rawa o te konumohe).

PŪNAHA TOHUTOHU KONUMIUMA HANGA

Ripanga 1

Whakahuatanga Koranu Maka- Ko te pūnaha tohu koranu whakarewa e hangai ana ki te tohu ira mati-toru me te xxx.x (arā, 356.0). Ko te mati tuatahi (Xxx.x) e tohu ana i te huānga matua o te whakarewa, kua tāpirihia ki te whakarewa konumohe (tirohia te ripanga 2).

PŪNAHA TOHUTOHU KONUMI MAKA

Ripanga 2

Ko ngā mati tuarua me te mati tuatoru (xXXKo te .x) he tau noa iho e hoatu ana hei tautuhi i tētahi koranu motuhake i roto i te raupapa. Ko te tau e whai ake ana i te ira tekau e tohu ana mēnā he koranu whakarewa (.0) he ingota rānei (.1, .2 rānei). Ko te kupumatua reta matua e tohu ana i tētahi whakarerekētanga ki tētahi koranu motuhake.
Tauira: Koranu – A356.0 te whakapaipai A (Axxx.x) e tohu ana i tētahi whakarerekētanga o te koranu 356.0. Ko te nama 3 (A3xx.x) e tohu ana nō te raupapa silicon me te parahi me/ranei te konupūmā. Ko te 56 inihi (Ax56.0) e tautuhi ana i te koranu i roto i te raupapa 3xx.x, me te .0 (Axxx.0) e tohu ana he hanga āhua whakamutunga, ehara i te ingota.

Te Pūnaha Tohu Āhuatanga Konumohe -Ki te whakaarohia ngā momo koranu konumohe rerekē, ka kite tātou he nui ngā rerekētanga o ō rātou āhuatanga me te whakamahinga o muri mai. Ko te mea tuatahi hei mōhio, i muri i te mārama ki te pūnaha tautuhi, e rua ngā momo konumohe rerekē i roto i te raupapa kua whakahuatia ake nei. Ko ēnei ko ngā koranu konumohe ka taea te rongoa i te wera (ko ērā ka taea te whakapakari mā te tāpiri i te wera) me ngā koranu konumohe kāore e taea te rongoa i te wera. He mea nui tēnei rerekētanga ina whakaarohia ngā pānga o te whakarewa pewa ki ēnei momo rauemi e rua.

Kāore e taea te whakamahana i ngā koranu konumohe whao raupapa 1xxx, 3xxx, me te 5xxx, ā, ka taea anake te whakapakeke mā te taumahatanga. Ka taea te whakamahana i ngā koranu konumohe whao raupapa 2xxx, 6xxx, me te 7xxx, ā, ko te raupapa 4xxx he koranu ka taea te whakamahana me te kore e taea te whakamahana. Ka taea te whakamahana i ngā koranu whakarewa raupapa 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x me te 7xx.x. Kāore i te whakamahia te whakapakeke taumahatanga ki ngā whakarewanga.

Ka whiwhi ngā koranu ka taea te whakamahana i ō rātou āhuatanga miihini tino pai mā te tukanga whakamahana wera, ko ngā maimoatanga wera tino noa ko te Maimoatanga Wera Wairewa me te Whakatōtōtanga Horihori. Ko te Maimoatanga Wera Wairewa te tukanga whakamahana i te koranu ki te pāmahana teitei (tata ki te 990 Deg. F) kia taea ai te whakauru i ngā huānga, ngā matū rānei ki roto i te wairewa. Whai muri i tēnei ko te tinei, i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te wai, kia puta ai he wairewa tino mātotoru i te pāmahana rūma. Ko te maimoatanga wera wairewa te tikanga whai muri i te whakatōtōtanga. Ko te whakatōtōtanga ko te whakatōtōtanga o tētahi wāhanga o ngā huānga, o ngā matū rānei mai i te wairewa tino mātotoru kia puta ai ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana.

Mā te Whakapakari Taumahatanga ka whiwhi ngā koranu kāore e taea te whakamahana i ō rātou āhuatanga miihini tino pai mā te Whakapakari Taumahatanga. Ko te whakapakari taumahatanga te tikanga whakanui i te kaha mā te whakamahi i te mahi matao. T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

NGĀ WHAKATAURANGA TAKE O TE ĀHUA

Ripanga 3

Haunga te tohu pāmahana taketake, e rua ngā wāhanga iti, ko tētahi e pā ana ki te tohu pāmahana "H" – te whakapakeketanga taumahatanga, me tētahi e pā ana ki te tohu pāmahana "T" – te maimoatanga wera.

Ngā Wāhanga o te H Temper – Taumahatanga Whakapakaritia

Ko te mati tuatahi i muri i te H e tohu ana i tētahi mahi taketake:
H1– Taumahatanga kua whakapakeketia anake.
H2– Kua whakapakeketia te taumahatanga, ā, kua whakawerahia ā-wāhanga.
H3– Kua whakapakeketia te taumahatanga, ā, kua whakau.
H4– Kua whakapakeketia, kua pania ki te peita, kua pania rānei.

Ko te mati tuarua i muri i te H e tohu ana i te nui o te whakapakeketanga o te taumahatanga:
HX2– Hauwhā Mārō HX4– HX Hāwhe-mārō6– Toru-Hauwhā Mārō
HX8– HX Mārō Katoa9– Tino uaua

Ngā Wāhanga o te T Temper – Kua Maimoatia ki te Wera

T1- Ka pakeketia māoritia i muri i te whakamatao i tētahi tukanga hanga pāmahana teitei, pērā i te whakaputa ki waho.
T2- I mahi mātaotia i muri i te whakamataotanga mai i te tukanga hanga i te pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka pakeketia mā te taiao.
T3- He otinga kua whakamahanatia, kua whakaranua ki te matao, ā, kua pakeketia māoritia.
T4- Kua whakamahanatia te otinga, ā, kua whakatōkia māoritia.
T5- I whakatōkia ā-hangaitia i muri i te whakamatao mai i te tukanga hanga i te pāmahana teitei.
T6- He otinga kua whakamahanatia, ā, kua whakatōkia kia horihori.
T7- Kua whakamahanatia te otinga, ā, kua whakapūmautia (kua roa rawa te whakamakuku).
T8- He otinga i tukatukahia ki te wera, i whakaranua ki te matao, ā, i whakatōkia ki te pakeke horihori.
T9- Ko te otinga i tukuna ki te wera, i whakatōkia ki te pakeke horihori, ā, i tukatukahia ki te matao.
T10- I mahi mātaotia i muri i te whakamataotanga mai i te tukanga hanga i te pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka whakatōkia ki te pakeke horihori.

Ko ngā mati tāpiri e tohu ana i te whakamamae i te ahotea.
Ngā tauira:
TX51TXX rānei51– Ka whakamama te ahotea mā te totoro.
TX52TXX rānei52– Ka whakamama i te ahotea mā te pēhi.

Ngā Koranu Konumohe me ō rātou Āhuatanga- Ki te whakaarohia ngā raupapa e whitu o ngā koranu konumohe whao, ka mārama tātou ki ō rātou rerekētanga me ō rātou tono me ngā āhuatanga.

1xxx Raupapa Koranu– (kāore e taea te whakamahana – me te kaha kume mutunga o te 10 ki te 27 ksi) ka kiia tēnei raupapa ko te raupapa konumohe parakore nā te mea me 99.0% te iti rawa o te konumohe. Ka taea te whakarewa. Heoi, nā te whaiti o te awhe rewa, me whai whakaaro ki ētahi mea hei whakaputa i ngā tikanga whakarewa e whakaaetia ana. Ina whakaarohia mō te hanga, ka tīpakohia ēnei koranu mō tō rātou ātete waikura pai rawa atu pērā i roto i ngā tāke matū motuhake me ngā paipa, mō tō rātou kawe hiko pai rawa atu rānei pērā i roto i ngā tono pae pahi. He iti noa ngā āhuatanga miihini o ēnei koranu, ā, kāore e tino whakaarohia mō ngā tono hanganga whānui. He maha ngā wā ka whakarewahia ēnei koranu turanga ki te rauemi whakakī e ōrite ana, ki ngā koranu whakakī 4xxx rānei, i runga i ngā whakaritenga tono me te mahi.

2xxx Raupapa Koranu– (ka taea te whakamahana– me te kaha kume mutunga o te 27 ki te 62 ksi) he koranu konumohe/parahi ēnei (ngā tāpiringa parahi mai i te 0.7 ki te 6.8%), ā, he koranu kaha, mahi teitei e whakamahia ana mō ngā mahi rererangi me ngā mahi waka rererangi. He tino kaha rātou i runga i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana. Ko ētahi o ēnei koranu e kiia ana kāore e taea te whakarewa e ngā tukanga whakarewa pewa nā te mea he ngawari ki te pakaru wera me te pakaru waikura ahotea; heoi, ko ētahi ka whakarewahia pewa me te angitu me ngā tikanga whakarewa tika. He maha ngā wā ka whakarewahia ēnei rauemi turanga ki ngā koranu whakakī raupapa 2xxx kaha teitei i hangaia kia rite ki tā rātou mahi, engari i ētahi wā ka taea te whakarewa ki ngā whakakī raupapa 4xxx kei roto te silicon, te silicon me te parahi rānei, i runga i ngā whakaritenga tono me te ratonga.

Ngā Koranu Raupapa 3xxx– (kāore e taea te whakamahana – me te kaha kume mutunga o te 16 ki te 41 ksi) Koinei ngā koranu konumohe/mangatene (ngā tāpiringa konupora mai i te 0.05 ki te 1.8%) ā, he kaha āhua, he ātete pai ki te waikura, he ngāwari ki te hanga, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi i ngā pāmahana teitei. Ko tētahi o ā rātou whakamahinga tuatahi ko ngā kohua me ngā paraharaha, ā, koinei te wāhanga matua o ēnei rā mō ngā whakawhiti wera i roto i ngā waka me ngā tipu hiko. Heoi, nā te kaha āhua, he maha ngā wā ka kore e whakaarohia mō ngā tono hanganga. Ka whakarewaina ēnei koranu turanga ki ngā koranu whakakī raupapa 1xxx, 4xxx me te 5xxx, i runga i ō rātou matū motuhake me ngā whakaritenga tono me te ratonga motuhake.

4xxx Raupapa Koranu– (ka taea te whakamahana me te kore e taea te whakamahana – me te kaha kume mutunga o te 25 ki te 55 ksi) Koinei ngā koranu konumohe / silicon (ngā tāpiritanga silicon mai i te 0.6 ki te 21.5%) ā, koinei anake te raupapa kei roto ngā koranu ka taea te whakamahana me te kore e taea te whakamahana. Ko te silicon, ina tāpirihia ki te konumohe, ka whakaitihia tōna ira rewa me te whakapai ake i tōna rere ina rewa. He mea hiahia ēnei āhuatanga mō ngā rauemi whakakī e whakamahia ana mō te whakarewa hanumi me te whakakoi. Nō reira, ko tēnei raupapa o ngā koranu ka kitea nuitia hei rauemi whakakī. Ko te silicon, i roto i te konumohe, kāore e taea te whakamahana; heoi, he maha o ēnei koranu silicon kua hangaia kia tāpirihia he konupora, he parahi rānei, e whakarato ana i te kaha ki te urupare pai ki te maimoatanga wera otinga. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia ēnei koranu whakakī ka taea te whakamahana ina tukuna he wāhanga whakarewa ki ngā maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakarewa.

Ngā Koranu Raupapa 5xxx– (kāore e taea te whakamahana – me te kaha kume mutunga o te 18 ki te 51 ksi) Koinei ngā koranu konumohe / konupora (ngā tāpiritanga konupora mai i te 0.2 ki te 6.2%) ā, ko te kaha teitei rawa atu o ngā koranu kāore e taea te whakamahana. Hei tāpiri, he ngāwari te whakarewa i tēnei raupapa koranu, ā, nā ēnei take ka whakamahia mō ngā momo tono maha pēnei i te hanga kaipuke, te kawe waka, ngā oko pēhanga, ngā piriti me ngā whare. He maha ngā wā ka whakarewahia ngā koranu turanga konupora ki ngā koranu whakakī, ka tīpakohia i muri i te whakaaro ki te ihirangi konupora o te rauemi turanga, me ngā tikanga tono me te ratonga o te wāhanga kua whakarewahia. Kāore i te tūtohutia ngā koranu i roto i tēnei raupapa he nui ake i te 3.0% te konupora mō te ratonga pāmahana teitei ake i runga ake i te 150 deg F nā te mea ka taea te whakararuraru me te ngawari ki te pakaru waikura ahotea. Ko ngā koranu turanga he iti iho i te 2.5% te konupora ka whakarewahia angitu ki ngā koranu whakakī raupapa 5xxx, 4xxx rānei. Ko te koranu turanga 5052 e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te koranu turanga nui rawa atu o te konupora ka taea te whakarewa me te koranu whakakī raupapa 4xxx. Nā te mea he raruraru e pā ana ki te rewa eutectic me ngā āhuatanga miihini ngoikore e pā ana ki te whakarewa, kāore i te tūtohutia kia whakarewahia ngā rauemi i roto i tēnei raupapa koranu, he nui ake te konupora kei roto me ngā whakakī raupapa 4xxx. Ko ngā rauemi turanga konupora teitei ake ka whakarewahia anake me ngā koranu whakakī 5xxx, e rite ana ki te hanganga koranu turanga.

6XXX Raupapa Koranu– (ka taea te whakamahana – me te kaha kume mutunga o te 18 ki te 58 ksi) Koinei ngā koranu konumohe / konupūmā - silicon (ko ngā tāpiritanga konupūmā me te silicon tata ki te 1.0%) ā, e kitea whānuitia ana puta noa i te umanga hanga whakarewa, e whakamahia ana i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te ahua o ngā extrusions, ā, kua whakauruhia ki roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga maha. Mā te tāpiri o te konupūmā me te silicon ki te konumohe ka puta he matū konupūmā-silicide, e whakarato ana i te kaha ki tēnei rauemi ki te whakamahana i te otinga hei whakapai ake i te kaha. He mea ātete ēnei koranu ki te pakaru totoka, ā, nā tēnei take, kaua e whakarewahia ā-aunoa (me te kore he rauemi whakakī). He mea nui te tāpiri i te nui o te rauemi whakakī i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa ā-ā hei whakarato i te waimeha o te rauemi turanga, kia kore ai e raru te pakaru wera. Ka whakarewahia ēnei ki ngā rauemi whakakī 4xxx me 5xxx, i runga i ngā whakaritenga tono me te ratonga.

7XXX Raupapa Koranu– (ka taea te whakamahana – me te kaha kume mutunga o te 32 ki te 88 ksi) Koinei ngā koranu konumohe / konutea (ko ngā tāpiringa konutea mai i te 0.8 ki te 12.0%), ā, kei roto ko ētahi o ngā koranu konumohe tino kaha. He maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei koranu i roto i ngā tono mahi teitei pēnei i te waka rererangi, te rererangi, me ngā taputapu hākinakina whakataetae. Pērā i te raupapa koranu 2xxx, kei roto i tēnei raupapa ngā koranu e kiia ana he koretake mō te whakarewa pewa, me ētahi atu, he maha ngā wā ka angitu te whakarewa pewa. Ko ngā koranu e whakarewahia ana i roto i tēnei raupapa, pēnei i te 7005, he mea whakarewa te nuinga ki ngā koranu whakakī raupapa 5xxx.

Whakarāpopototanga- Ko ngā koranu konumohe o ēnei rā, me ō rātou āhua rerekē, he whānuitanga o ngā rauemi hanga. Mō te hoahoa hua tino pai me te whanaketanga angitu o ngā tikanga whakarewa, he mea nui kia mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā koranu maha e wātea ana me ō rātou āhuatanga mahi me te kaha whakarewa. I te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga whakarewa āwhata mō ēnei koranu rerekē, me whai whakaaro ki te koranu motuhake e whakarewahia ana. E kīia ana ehara i te mea uaua te whakarewa āwhata o te konumohe, "he rerekē noa iho". Ki taku whakaaro ko tētahi wāhanga nui o te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga ko te mōhio ki ngā koranu rerekē, ō rātou āhuatanga, me tā rātou pūnaha tautuhi.