He roa te hītori o ngā kairangahau i te Argonne National Laboratory o te Tari Pūngao o Amerika (DOE) mō ngā kitenga paionia i roto i te mara o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. He maha o ēnei hua mō te katote pākahiko, e kiia nei ko te NMC, te nickel manganese me te cobalt oxide. Inaianei kua whakakahangia te Chevrolet Bolt e tētahi pākahiko me tēnei katote.
Kua tutuki i ngā kairangahau Argonne tētahi atu putanga hou i roto i ngā katote NMC. Mā te hanganga matūriki katote iti hou a te tīma ka roa ake te pākahiko, ka haumaru ake hoki, ka taea te mahi i ngā ngaohiko tino tiketike, me te whakarato i ngā awhe haere roa ake.
"Kei a mātou inaianei ngā aratohu ka taea e ngā kaihanga pākahiko te whakamahi hei hanga rauemi katote pēhanga teitei, kāore he rohe," ko Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
"He arai nui ngā katote NMC o nāianei mō ngā mahi ngaohiko teitei," te kī a te kaiāwhina matū a Guiliang Xu. I te huringa utu-tukunga, ka heke tere te mahi nā te hanganga o ngā kapiti i roto i ngā matūriki katote. Mō ngā tekau tau, kua rapu huarahi ngā kairangahau pākahiko ki te whakatika i ēnei kapiti.
I mua, i whakamahia e tētahi tikanga ngā matūriki porowhita iti i titoa mai i ngā matūriki iti rawa. Ko ngā matūriki porowhita nunui he polycrystalline, me ngā rohe tioata o ngā aronga rerekē. Nō reira, kei a rātou ngā rohe kōhatu i waenganui i ngā matūriki e kiia nei e ngā kaipūtaiao, ka taea ai te pakaru o te pākahiko i te wā o te huringa. Hei ārai i tēnei, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā hoa mahi a Xu rāua ko Argonne he paninga polymer tiaki huri noa i ia matūriki. Ka karapotia e tēnei paninga ngā matūriki porowhita nunui me ngā matūriki iti ake i roto i a rātou.
Ko tētahi atu huarahi hei karo i tēnei momo pakaru ko te whakamahi i ngā matūriki tioata kotahi. I whakaatuhia e te karuārai hiko o ēnei matūriki kāore he rohe.
Ko te raruraru mō te tīma ko ngā katote i hangaia mai i ngā polycrystals kua pania me ngā tioata takitahi i pakaru tonu i te wā e hurihia ana. Nō reira, i whakahaerehia e rātou he tātaritanga whānui o ēnei rauemi katote i te Advanced Photon Source (APS) me te Center for Nanomaterials (CNM) i te Argonne Science Center o te Tari Pūngao o Amerika.
I whakahaerehia ngā tātaritanga hihi-X i runga i ngā peka APS e rima (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C me te 34-ID-E). I kitea ko te mea i whakaarohia e ngā kaipūtaiao he tioata kotahi, e whakaaturia ana e te irahiko me te karuārai hihi-X, he rohe kei roto. Nā te karuārai irahiko matawai me te tuku o ngā CNM i whakaū tēnei whakatau.
"I tā mātou titiro ki te āhua o te mata o ēnei matūriki, i rite rātou ki ngā tioata takitahi," te kī a te tohunga ahupūngao a Wenjun Liu. â�<“但是，当我们在APS 使用一种称为同步加速器X射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时，我们发现边界隐藏在内部。” â� <“但是 ， 当 在 在 使用 使用 种 称为 同步 加速器 x 射线 显微镜 的 技术 和 ，术 和发现 边界 隐藏 在。”"Heoi, i te wā i whakamahia ai e mātou he tikanga e kīia nei ko te synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy me ētahi atu tikanga i APS, i kitea e mātou kei roto ngā rohe e huna ana."
He mea nui, kua whakawhanakehia e te tīma tētahi tikanga hei whakaputa i ngā tioata takitahi, kāore he rohe. Ko te whakamātautau i ngā pūtau iti me tēnei katote tioata kotahi i ngā ngaohiko tino teitei i whakaatu i te pikinga 25% o te rokiroki pūngao mō ia rōrahi waeine me te kore rawa he ngaronga o te mahi i roto i te 100 huringa whakamātautau. He rerekē, ko ngā katote NMC i hangaia mai i ngā tioata takitahi maha-atanga, i ngā tioata polycrystals pania rānei i whakaatu i te hekenga kaha o te 60% ki te 88% i roto i te roanga o te ora.
E whakaatu ana ngā tātaitanga tauine atomika i te tikanga o te whakaiti i te kaha o te katote. E ai ki a Maria Chang, he tohunga nano i CNM, he nui ake te tūponotanga o te ngaronga o ngā ngota hāora i ngā rohe ina utua te pākahiko i ngā wāhi e tawhiti atu ana i a rātou. Ko tēnei ngaronga o te hāora ka arahi ki te whakahekenga o te huringa pūtau.
"E whakaatu ana ā mātou tataunga me pēhea te rohe e arahi ai ki te tukunga o te hāora i te pēhanga teitei, ka arahi pea ki te whakahekenga o te mahi," te kī a Chan.
Mā te whakakore i te rohe ka ārai i te whanaketanga o te hāora, ā, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru me te pumau o te katote. Ko ngā inenga whanaketanga hāora me te APS me te pūtake mārama matatau i te Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory o te Tari Pūngao o Amerika e whakaū ana i tēnei whakatau.
"Inaianei kei a tātou ngā aratohu ka taea e ngā kaihanga pākahiko te whakamahi hei hanga rauemi katote kāore he rohe, ā, ka mahi i te pēhanga teitei," te kī a Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。”"Me whai mana ngā aratohu ki ngā rauemi katote ehara i te NMC."
I puta he tuhinga mo tenei rangahau i roto i te pukapuka Nature Energy. I tua atu ki a Xu, Amin, Liu me Chang, ko nga kaituhi Argonne ko Xiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu , Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, Chengjun Sun, Tao Zhou, Ming Chen Du, me Zonghai. Nga Kairangataiao mai i te Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, me Zengqing Zhuo), Xiamen University (Jing-Jing Fan , Ling Huang me Shi-Gang Sun) me te Whare Wananga o Tsinghua (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng me Mingao Ouyang).
Mō te Argonne Center for Nanomaterials Ko te Center for Nanomaterials, tētahi o ngā pokapū rangahau nanotechnology e rima o te US Department of Energy, te umanga kaiwhakamahi matua o te motu mō te rangahau nanoscale maha-mātauranga e tautokona ana e te Tari Pūtaiao o te US Department of Energy. Ka mahi tahi ngā NSRC ki te hanga i tētahi huinga o ngā whakaurunga tautoko e whakarato ana i ngā kairangahau ki ngā āheinga hou mō te hanga, te tukatuka, te whakaahua, me te whakatauira i ngā rauemi nanoscale, ā, ko te haumitanga hanganga nui rawa atu i raro i te National Nanotechnology Initiative. Kei te US Department of Energy National Laboratories i Argonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, me Los Alamos te NSRC. Mō ētahi atu pārongo e pā ana ki te NSRC DOE, tirohia https://science.osti.gov/Us​er​-​F​a​c​i​lit​​​​​ie​s​/ ​Us​ er​-​F​a​c​i​l​it​ie​ie​s​-​at​-a​​Glance.
Ko te Pūtake Whakaahua Matatau (APS) a te Tari Pūngao o Amerika i te Whare Taiwhanga ā-Motu o Argonne tētahi o ngā pūtake hihi-X tino whai hua o te ao. Ka whakaratohia e te APS ngā hihi-X kaha-teitei ki tētahi hapori rangahau kanorau i roto i te pūtaiao rauemi, te matū, te ahupūngao matū whakakōpikopiko, ngā pūtaiao ora me te taiao, me te rangahau tono. He pai ēnei hihi-X mō te ako i ngā rauemi me ngā hanganga koiora, te tohatoha o ngā huānga, ngā āhua matū, aukume me te hiko, me ngā pūnaha hangarau nui o ngā momo katoa, mai i ngā pākahiko ki ngā pūwero werowero wahie, he mea nui ki tō tātou ōhanga ā-motu, hangarau. me te tinana. Ko te pūtake o te hauora. I ia tau, neke atu i te 5,000 ngā kairangahau e whakamahi ana i te APS ki te whakaputa i te neke atu i te 2,000 ngā tuhinga e whakaatu ana i ngā kitenga nui me te whakaoti rapanga hanganga pūmua koiora nui atu i ngā kaiwhakamahi o tētahi atu pokapū rangahau hihi-X. Kei te whakatinanahia e ngā kaipūtaiao me ngā miihini o te APS ngā hangarau auaha hei pūtake mō te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā whakatere me ngā pūtake mārama. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā taputapu tāuru e whakaputa ana i ngā hihi-X tino kanapa e arohia ana e ngā kairangahau, ngā karu arotahi e arotahi ana i ngā hihi-X ki raro ki ētahi nanometer, ngā taputapu e whakanui ana i te huarahi e taunekeneke ai ngā hihi-X me te tauira e rangahauhia ana, me te kohikohi me te whakahaere i ngā kitenga APS. He nui ngā raraunga ka puta mai i te rangahau.
I whakamahia e tēnei rangahau ngā rauemi mai i te Advanced Photon Source, he Pokapū Kaiwhakamahi Tari Pūtaiao o te Tari Pūngao o Amerika e whakahaerehia ana e Argonne National Laboratory mō te Tari Pūngao o Amerika i raro i te nama kirimana DE-AC02-06CH11357.
E whai ana te Argonne National Laboratory ki te whakaoti rapanga nui o te pūtaiao me te hangarau ā-rohe. Hei te taiwhanga ā-motu tuatahi i te United States, ka whakahaerehia e Argonne ngā rangahau taketake me ngā rangahau tono hou i roto i te nuinga o ngā kaupapa pūtaiao. Ka mahi tahi ngā kairangahau o Argonne me ngā kairangahau mai i ngā rau o ngā kamupene, ngā whare wānanga, me ngā tari ā-motu, ā-rohe, me ngā tari ā-tāone hei āwhina i a rātou ki te whakaoti rapanga motuhake, ki te whakatairanga i te kaiārahi pūtaiao o Amerika, me te whakarite i te motu mō tētahi heke mai pai ake. E whakamahi ana a Argonne i ngā kaimahi mai i te neke atu i te 60 whenua, ā, e whakahaerehia ana e UChicago Argonne, LLC o te Tari Pūtaiao o te Tari Pūngao o Amerika.
Ko te Tari Pūtaiao o te Tari Pūngao o Amerika te kaitautoko nui rawa atu o te motu mō te rangahau taketake i roto i ngā pūtaiao ā-tinana, e mahi ana ki te aro atu ki ētahi o ngā take tino nui o tō tātou wā. Mō ētahi atu pārongo, tirohia te https://energy.gov/scienceience.