Ko te waea enamel te rauemi matua mō ngā motuka, ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu o te whare. Ina koa i ngā tau tata nei, kua tere te tipu o te umanga hiko, ā, nā te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu o te whare kua whānui ake te whakamahinga o te waea enamel, ā, kua piki ake ngā whakaritenga mō te waea enamel. Nā tēnei take, he mea tika kia whakatikatikaina te hanganga hua o te waea enamel, ā, ko ngā rauemi mata (te parahi me te rākau), te tukanga enamel, ngā taputapu tukanga me ngā tikanga kimi he mea nui hoki te whakawhanake me te rangahau [1].
I tēnei wā, neke atu i te 1000 ngā kaihanga waea enamel i Haina, ā, kua neke atu i te 250000 ~ 300000 tana te kaha whakaputa ā-tau. Engari i te nuinga o te wā, ko te āhua o te waea enamel o Haina he iti noa te taumata, he "putanga teitei, kounga iti, taputapu tawhito". I tēnei āhuatanga, me kawemai tonu ngā waea enamel kounga teitei mō ngā taputapu whare, ā, me uru atu ki te whakataetae mākete o te ao. Nō reira, me kaha ake tā tātou mahi ki te whakarerekē i te āhua o nāianei, kia taea ai e te hangarau waea enamel o Haina te pupuri i te hiahia o te mākete, me te whakataetae i te mākete o te ao.

Te whakawhanaketanga o ngā momo rerekē
1) Waea enamel acetal
Ko te waea enamelled acetal tētahi o ngā momo tuatahi o te ao. I tukuna ki te mākete e Tiamana me te Hononga o Amerika i te tau 1930. I tere hoki te whanaketanga o te Uniana Sōviete. E rua ngā momo polyvinyl formal me te polyvinyl acetal. I angitu hoki te rangahau a Haina i ēnei momo i ngā tau 1960. Ahakoa he iti te ātete pāmahana o te waea enamelled (105°C, 120°C), he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te whakawhiti hiko rumaki hinu nā te mea he tino ātete ki te wai wera teitei. Kua whakamanahia tēnei āhuatanga e ngā whenua katoa o te ao. I tēnei wā, he iti tonu te maha o ngā whakaputanga i Haina, inā koa ko te waea papatahi enamelled acetal e whakamahia ana hei hanga i te arataki whakawhiti mō te whakawhiti hiko nui [1].
2) Waea enamel polyester
I waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 1950, i te tuatahi ka whakawhanakehia e Tiamana ki te Hauāuru te peita waea polyester enamel i ahu mai i te dimethyl terephthalate. Nā tōna ātete pai ki te wera me te kaha miihini, te whānuitanga o te tukanga hanga peita me te utu iti, kua noho ko ia te hua matua e whakahaere ana i te mākete waea enamel mai i te tekau tau atu i 1950. Heoi, nā te ngoikore o te ātete ki te ru wera me te ngawari o te waikura i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei me te haumākū tiketike, kāore i hangaia te waea polyester enamel hei paninga kotahi i Tiamana ki te Hauāuru me te Hononga o Amerika i te mutunga o te tekau tau atu i 1970, engari i hangaia tonutia, i whakamahia hoki i roto i te nui o te rahinga i Hapani, Haina me Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga i te tau 1986 ko te putanga o te waea polyester enamel i Haina e 96.4% o te putanga katoa. Whai muri i te 10 tau o ngā mahi, kua whakawhanakehia ngā momo waea enamel, engari he nui te rerekētanga ki ngā whenua whakawhanake.
He nui ngā mahi kua oti i Haina mō te whakarerekētanga polyester, tae atu ki te whakarerekētanga THEIC me te whakarerekētanga imine. Heoi, nā te puhoi o te whakarerekētanga hanganga o te waea enamel, he iti tonu te hanga o ēnei momo peita e rua. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, me aro tonu ki te hekenga ngaohiko o te waea enamel polyester kua whakarerekētia.
3) Waea enamel polyurethane
I whakawhanakehia te peita waea polyurethane enamelled e Bayer i te tau 1937. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara o ngā hikohiko me ngā taputapu hiko nā te mea he pai ki te whakarewa tika, he ātete auau teitei, he pai ki te tae. I tēnei wā, he nui te aro o ngā whenua ke ki te whakapai ake i te ātete wera o te waea polyurethane enamelled me te kore e pā ki tana mahi whakarewa tika. I Ūropi, i te Hononga o Amerika, kua whakawhanakehia e Hapani he waea polyurethane enamelled akomanga-F, akomanga-H. Nā te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā pouaka whakaata tae, kua kukume te waea polyurethane enamelled me te poka nui kore tote mō te pouaka whakaata tae FBT i whakawhanakehia e Hapani i te aro o ngā whenua katoa o te ao, ā, kei mua tonu i a Hapani.
He puhoi te whanaketanga o te waea enamel polyurethane ā-whare. Ahakoa he peita polyurethane noa e hangaia ana e ētahi wheketere, nā te ngoikore o te tukatuka, te kounga o te mata me ētahi atu raruraru, ko te nuinga o te peita he kawemai. Kua whakawhanakehia te polyurethane taumata F i Haina, engari kāore anō kia whakatūria he kaha whakaputa. Kua angitu hoki te whakawhanake i te peita polyurethane roa kore-pū, ā, kua tukuna ki te mākete, e whakamahia ana mō te hanga koiri FBT o te pouaka whakaata pango me te mā.
4) Waea enamel Polyesterimide
Nā te whakapainga o te ātete wera mā te whakarerekētanga o te polyesterimide, kua tino piki ake te nui o te waea enamel polyesterimide o te ao mai i te tekau tau atu i 1970. I Ūropi me Amerika, kua whakakapia katoatia te waea enamel polyester paninga kotahi e te waea enamel. I tēnei wā, ko ngā hua matua o te ao ko ngā hua raupapa terebe FH mai i Tiamana me ngā hua raupapa isomid mai i te Hononga o Amerika. I taua wā anō, kua whakawhanakehia e mātou he waea enamel polyesterimide hāngai, kua whakamahia whānuitia hei takai mō te motuka iti, hei whakahaere i te tukanga whakarewa me te whakaiti i te utu hanga o te motuka. Ka whakamahia hoki e ētahi Hapanihi te peita polyesterimide hāngai hei paninga mō te waea enamel piri-ake mō te koiri whakarara pouaka whakaata tae, e whakahaere ana i te tukanga. Kua whakauruhia mai e te peita polyesterimide ā-whare te hangarau hanga mai i Tiamana me Itari, ā, kua angitu hoki te whanaketanga. Heoi, nā te kore pumau o ngā rauemi mata me ētahi atu take, he maha tonu ngā peita polyesterimide ā-whare e whakamahia ana hei paninga waea enamel hiato ātete hauhautanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kawemai. He iti noa iho ngā waea polyesterimide paninga kotahi e pania ana ki te peita ā-whare, engari he āwangawanga tonu ki ngā kaihanga te kore pumau o te ngaohiko. Kua angitu te whakawhanaketanga o te peita polyesterimide ka taea te whakapiri tika e te Cable Research Institute.
5) Waea enamel polyimide
Ko te polyimide te peita waea enamel tino ātete ki te wera i roto i ngā waea enamel waro i tēnei wā, ā, ka taea e tōna pāmahana mahi roa te eke ki runga ake i te 220 °C. I whakawhanakehia te peita e te United States i te tau 1958. He nui te ātete wera o te waea enamel polyimide, he pai te ātete ki te whakarewa me te ātete ki te hauhautanga. Heoi, nā te utu nui, te iti o te pumau o te rokiroki me te paitini, ka pāngia tōna whakamahinga whānui. I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia te waea enamel i ētahi wā motuhake, pērā i te motuka maina waro, ngā taputapu ātea me ētahi atu.
6) Peita polyamide imide
Ko te peita polyamide imide he momo peita waea enamel he whānui te mahi ātete, he ātete wera teitei, he āhuatanga miihini, he ātete hauhautanga me te ātete matū, nō reira he ingoa rongonui mō te kingi o ngā peita waea enamel. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o te peita e whakamahia ana mō ōna āhuatanga ahurei, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei paninga o runga o te paninga waea enamel hiato hei whakapai ake i te ātete wera o te waea hiato me te whakaiti i te utu. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o te peita e whakamahia ana hei paninga i te waea enamel ātete huka i Haina, ā, he iti noa iho o tēnei peita e hangaia ana i Haina, ko te nuinga i kawemai mai i te United States, Itari me Tiamana.
7) Waea paninga enamel hiato
Ko te paparanga whakamarumaru hiato te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei whakapai ake i te ātete pāmahana me te whakawhanake i te waea enamel motuhake. Ki te whakatauritea ki te waea enamel paninga kotahi, ko ngā painga o te waea enamel paninga hiato e whai ake nei: (1) ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tono motuhake, pēnei i te waea enamel piri-ake mō te hanga anga kore matatini, te waea enamel ātete hauhautanga mō te pouaka whakamātao me te compressor hauhautanga, me ētahi atu, ka taea te whakatutuki mā te hanganga paninga hiato; (2) ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te mahi ratonga mā te whakakotahi i ngā paparanga whakamarumaru rerekē hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tono, Hei tauira, ka whakapai ake te waea enamel paninga hiato polyester/nylon i te mahi ru wera me te mahi takai, he mea pai mō te tukanga tuku wera, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā takai motuka me te wera tere nā te taumaha rawa; (3) ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te utu o ētahi waea enamel, pēnei i te waea enamel paninga hiato polyester imide me te polyamide imide hei whakakapi i te waea enamel paninga kotahi polyamide imide, ka taea te whakaiti nui i te utu.

whakarōpūtanga
1.1 e ai ki te rauemi whakamahana
1.1.1 waea enamel acetal
1.1.2 waea takai peita polyester
1.1.3 waea paninga polyurethane
1.1.4 waea takai peita polyester kua whakarerekētia
1.1.5 waea enamel i hangaia ki te polyester imimide
1.1.6 waea polyester / polyamide imide enamel
1.1.7 waea enamel polyimide
1.2 e ai ki te kaupapa o te waea enamel
1.2.1 waea enamel whānui (raina noa): e whakamahia ana mō te takai i ngā waea i roto i ngā motuka whānui, ngā taputapu hiko, ngā taputapu hiko, ngā whakawhiti me ētahi atu mahi, pērā i te waea takai peita polyester me te raina takai peita polyester whakarerekētia.
1.2.2 raina paninga ātete wera: ko ngā waea takai e whakamahia ana i roto i te motuka, i ngā taputapu hiko, i ngā taputapu puoro, i ngā whakawhiti hiko me ētahi atu mahi, pērā i te waea paninga polyester imimide, te waea paninga polyimide, te raina paninga peita polyester, te raina paninga hiato polyester imimide / polyamide imide.
1.2.3 waea enamel motuhake: e pā ana ki te waea takai me ētahi āhuatanga kounga, ā, e whakamahia ana i ngā wā motuhake, pērā i te waea takai peita polyurethane (āhuatanga whakarewa tika), te waea takai peita piri-ake.
1.3 E ai ki te rauemi o te arataki, ka wehea kia rua ngā waea parahi, waea konumohe me te waea koranu.
1.4 e ai ki te āhua o te rauemi, ka wehea ki te rārangi porowhita, te rārangi papatahi me te rārangi tuwhera.
1.5 e ai ki te matotoru o te whakamarumaru
1.5.1 rārangi porowhita: Kiriata angiangi-1, kiriata matotoru-2, kiriata matotoru-3 (paerewa ā-motu).
1.5.2 rārangi papatahi: peita noa Kiriata-1, peita matotoru kiriata-2.
Raina waipiro
He waea (hei tauira, he raka) ka piri tonu i raro i te mahi a te waipiro
Raina hau wera
He waea (hei tauira, PEI) e piri ana i raro i te wera
Waea takirua
He waea e piri ana i raro i te mahi a te waipiro, te wera rānei
Tikanga whakaatu
1. tohu + waehere
1.1 raupapa waehere: hanganga o te takai enamel: waea takai pepa-Q: Z
1.2 rauemi arataki: Parahi Arataki: t (kāore i whakaurua) arataki konumohe: l
1.3 ngā rauemi whakamarumaru:
Y. A polyamide (nailoni parakore) e acetal, polyurethane pāmahana iti B polyurethane f polyurethane, polyester h polyurethane, polyester imides, polyester whakarerekētia n polyamide imide polyester hiato, polyesterimide rānei polyamide imide r polyamide imide polyimide C-aryl polyimide
Peita hinu: Y (kua tangohia) peita polyester: Z peita polyester kua whakarerekētia: Z (g) peita acetal: Q peita polyurethane: a peita polyamide: X peita polyimide: y peita epoxy: H peita polyester imide: ZY polyamide imide: XY
1.4 ngā āhuatanga o te arataki: rārangi papatahi: rārangi porowhita-b: Y (kāore i whakaurua) rārangi tuwhera: K
1.5 matotoru kiriata: porowhita rārangi: angiangi Kiriata-1 kiriata matotoru-2 kiriata matotoru-3 rārangi papatahi: Kiriata noa-1 kiriata matotoru-2
Ko te tohu wera 1.6 e whakaatuhia ana e /xxx
2. tauira
2.1 Ko te tauira hua o te raina enamel i tapaina mā te whakakotahitanga o te reta pinyin Hainamana me ngā tau Ārapi: kei roto i tōna hanganga ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei. Ko ngā wāhanga o runga ake nei kua whakakotahihia i roto i te raupapa, koinei te tauira hua o te raina kete peita.
3. tauira + whakatakotoranga + tau paerewa
3.1 ngā tauira o te whakaaturanga hua
A. Waea porowhita rino enamel polyester, kiriata peita matotoru, tohu wera 130, diameter ingoa 1.000mm, e ai ki te paerewa gb6i09.7-90, e whakaatuhia ana penei: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. Ka pania ngā imide polyester ki te waea rino papatahi, ki te kiriata peita noa, he 180 te taumata wera, 2.000mm te taha a, 6.300mm te taha B, ā, ko te whakatinanatanga o te gb/t7095.4-1995, e whakaatuhia ana penei: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
3.2 kakau parahi porowhita kore hāora
Waea enamel
Waea enamel
3.2.1 waehere raupapa: pou parahi porowhita mō te hangarau hiko
3.2.3 e ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te āhua: āhua ngohengohe R, āhua mārō y
3.2.4 e ai ki ngā āhuatanga mahi: taumata 1-1, taumata 2-2
3.2.5 tauira hua, whakatakotoranga me te tau paerewa
Hei tauira: ko te whānui he 6.7mm, ā, ko te tokotoko parahi porowhita mārō kore-hāora akomanga 1 e whakaatuhia ana ko twy-16.7 gb3952.2-89.
3.3 waea parahi tahanga
3.3.1 waea parahi tahanga: t
3.3.2 e ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te āhua: āhua ngohengohe R, āhua mārō y
3.3.3 e ai ki te āhua o te rauemi: rārangi papatahi B, rārangi porowhita y (kāore i whakaurua)
Tauira 3.3.4: waea rino porowhita mārō, tahanga, he whānui 3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89