Tātai Matū
Ni
Ngā Kaupapa i Hipokina
Papamuri
Parakore ā-pākihi,nikara whakarewa itie kitea ana tōna whakamahinga matua i roto i te tukatuka matū me te hikohiko.
Ātete ki te Waikura
Nā te ātete o te nikara parakore ki te waikura, inā koa ki ngā matū whakaiti me ngā kawakore waikura, ka whakamahia te nikara hei pupuri i te kounga o te hua i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū maha, inā koa te tukatuka kai me te hanga muka hangai.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Nikara Parakore Tauhokohoko
Ki te whakataurite kingā koranu nikara, he nui te kawe hiko o te nikara parakore i te hokohoko, he pāmahana Curie teitei, ā, he pai hoki ngā āhuatanga aukati aukume. Ka whakamahia te nikara mō ngā waea mata hiko, ngā wāhanga pākahiko, ngā thyratron me ngā irahiko mura.
He pai hoki te kawe wera o te nikara. Ko te tikanga ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā whakawhiti wera i roto i ngā taiao waikura.
Ripanga 1. Ngā Āhuatanga oNikara 200, te karaehe parakore arumoni (99.6% Ni).
| Taonga | Uara | |
| Te Kaha Kume i Whakamahanatia i te 20°C | 450MPa | |
| Te ahotea whakapūmau 0.2% i te 20°C | 150MPa | |
| Te roa (%) | 47 | |
| Kiato | 8.89 karamu/cm3 | |
| Awhe Rewa | 1435-1446°C | |
| Wera Motuhake | 456 J/kg. °C | |
| Te pāmahana o Curie | 360°C | |
| Āheinga Whakawhanaunga | Tīmatanga | 110 |
| Mōrahi | 600 | |
| He Whai Hua te Whakawhanuitanga (20-100°C) | 13.3×10-6m/m.°C | |
| Te Arahi Wera | 70W/m.°C | |
| Ātete Hiko | 0.096×10-6ohm.m | |
Te Hanganga o te Nikara
Kua whakawerahianikaraHe iti te pakeke, ā, he pai te ngāwari o te whakarewa. He iti te tere o te whakapakeketanga o te nikara, pērā i te koura, te hiriwa me te parahi, arā, kāore e tino pakeke, e pakarukaru rānei ina piko, ina whakapōturitia rānei pērā i te nuinga o ngā konganuku kē atu. Mā ēnei āhuatanga, me te pai o te kaha ki te whakarewa, ka ngāwari te hanga i te konganuku hei taonga kua oti.
Nikara i roto i te whakakikoruatanga Chromium
He maha hoki te whakamahinga o te nikara hei paninga o raro i roto i te whakakikoruatanga chromium whakapaipai. Ko te hua mata, pērā i te whakarewa parahi, te konutea rānei, te pēhitanga rau maitai rānei, ka whakakikoruatia tuatahitia ki tētahi paparanga onikaratata ki te 20µm te matotoru. Mā tēnei ka ātete ki te waikura. Ko te paninga whakamutunga he 'kanapa' tino angiangi (1-2µm) o te chromium hei hoatu i te tae me te ātete ki te pirau e kiia ana he mea e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā taonga whakakikoruatia. Ko te chromium anake kāore e whakaaetia te ātete ki te waikura nā te āhua porowhita o te chromium electroplate.
Ripanga Āhuatanga
| Rauemi | Nikara – Ngā Āhuatanga, Te Hanganga me Ngā Whakamahinga o te Nikara Parakore Tauhokohoko |
|---|---|
| Te hanganga: | >99% Ni, pai ake rānei |
| Taonga | Uara Iti rawa (SI) | Uara Mōrahi (SI) | Ngā Wāhanga (SI) | Uara Iti rawa (Taurangi) | Uara Mōrahi (Imp.) | Ngā Wāhanga (Imp.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rōrahi Atomika (toharite) | 0.0065 | 0.0067 | m3/kmol | 396.654 | 408.859 | in3/kmol |
| Kiato | 8.83 | 8.95 | Mg/m3 | 551.239 | 558.731 | pauna/putu toru |
| Ihirangi Pūngao | 230 | 690 | MJ/kg | 24917.9 | 74753.7 | kcal/lb |
| Tauwehenga Papatipu | 162 | 200 | GPa | 23.4961 | 29.0075 | 106 psi |
| Kaha Pehi | 70 | 935 | MPa | 10.1526 | 135.61 | ksi |
| Ngāwari | 0.02 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.6 | ||
| Tepe Whakapūmau | 70 | 935 | MPa | 10.1526 | 135.61 | ksi |
| Tepe Manawanui | 135 | 500 | MPa | 19.5801 | 72.5188 | ksi |
| Te Pakari o te Whati | 100 | 150 | MPa.m1/2 | 91.0047 | 136.507 | ksi.in1/2 |
| Te pakeketanga | 800 | 3000 | MPa | 116.03 | 435.113 | ksi |
| Tauwehenga Ngaronga | 0.0002 | 0.0032 | 0.0002 | 0.0032 | ||
| Te Wāhanga o te Pakaru | 70 | 935 | MPa | 10.1526 | 135.61 | ksi |
| Te Ōwehenga a Poisson | 0.305 | 0.315 | 0.305 | 0.315 | ||
| Te Wāhanga Kutikuti | 72 | 86 | GPa | 10.4427 | 12.4732 | 106 psi |
| Kaha Kume | 345 | 1000 | MPa | 50.038 | 145.038 | ksi |
| Te Tauwehenga o te Rangatahi | 190 | 220 | GPa | 27.5572 | 31.9083 | 106 psi |
| Te pāmahana karāhe | K | °F | ||||
| Te Wera Huna o te Hanumitanga | 280 | 310 | kJ/kg | 120.378 | 133.275 | BTU/pauna |
| Te Pāmahana Ratonga Mōrahi | 510 | 640 | K | 458.33 | 692.33 | °F |
| Te Pūwāhi Rewa | 1708 | 1739 | K | 2614.73 | 2670.53 | °F |
| Te pāmahana ratonga iti rawa | 0 | 0 | K | -459.67 | -459.67 | °F |
| Wera Motuhake | 452 | 460 | J/kg.K | 0.349784 | 0.355975 | BTU/lb.F |
| Te Arahi Wera | 67 | 91 | W/mK | 125.426 | 170.355 | BTU.ft/h.ft2.F |
| Whakawhanuitanga Wera | 12 | 13.5 | 10-6/K | 21.6 | 24.3 | 10-6/°F |
| Te Pūmanawa Pakaru | MV/m | V/mira | ||||
| Pūmau Whakakore Hiko | ||||||
| Ātete | 8 | 10 | 10-8 ohm.m | 8 | 10 | 10-8 ohm.m |
| Ngā Āhuatanga Taiao | |
|---|---|
| Ngā Take Ātete | 1=Kāore i te pai 5=Pai rawa atu |
| Te mura | 5 |
| Wai Māori | 5 |
| Ngā Whakarewa Ora | 5 |
| Te waikura i te 500C | 5 |
| Wai Moana | 5 |
| Waikawa Kaha | 4 |
| Kawakawa Kaha | 5 |
| UV | 5 |
| Kakahu | 4 |
| Waikawa ngoikore | 5 |
| Ngā Kawakore ngoikore | 5 |
Puna: He whakarāpopototanga mai i te Pukapuka ā-ringa mō ngā Rauemi Hangarau, Putanga tuarima.
Mō ētahi atu kōrero mō tēnei puna, tirohiaTe Whare Wānanga o te Hangarau Rauemi o Ahitereiria.
He nui ngā takoha a te nikara i roto i te āhua taketake, i te mea rānei i konatunatua ki ētahi atu konganuku me ngā rauemi ki tō tātou hapori o ēnei rā, ā, e oati ana ka haere tonu te whakarato rauemi mō tētahi heke mai e nui ake ana te uaua. He konganuku nui tonu te nikara mō ngā momo ahumahi maha nā te mea he rauemi maha-whakamahinga ka taea te konatunatua ki te nuinga o ngā konganuku.
He huānga maha ngā whakamahinga o te nikara, ā, ka taea te whakakotahi me te nuinga o ngā konganuku. Ko ngā koranu nikara he koranu me te nikara hei huānga matua. Kei waenganui i te nikara me te parahi te wairewatanga totoka katoa. He whānui ngā awhe wairewatanga i waenganui i te rino, te chromium, me te nikara, ā, ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā koranu maha. Nā tōna maha ngā whakamahinga, me tōna ātete nui ki te wera me te waikura, kua whakamahia i roto i ngā momo tono maha; pērā i ngā tāwhana hau rererangi, ngā tāwhana mamaoa i roto i ngā tipu hiko, me tōna whakamahinga whānui i roto i ngā mākete pūngao me te mana karihi.
Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Koranu Nikara
Nkoranu ika me te nikarase whakamahia ana mō ngā momo mahi maha, ko te nuinga o ēnei he ātete ki te waikura me/te ātete rānei ki te wera. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
- Ngā tāpoi hau rererangi
- Ngā tipu hiko o te tāhūhū mamaoa
- Ngā tono hauora
- Ngā pūnaha mana karihi
- Ngā ahumahi matū me te hinu
- Ngā wāhanga whakamahana me te ātete
- Ngā Wehewehe me ngā Āhuahira mō te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
- Ngā pūahi mura o te motuka
- Ngā mea whakapau whakarewa
- Ngā Taura Hiko
He maha atu anōngā tono mō ngā koranu nikarawhakauru i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana ahurei o ngā koranu nikara-motuhake, koranu nikara-nui rānei. Kei roto i ēnei:
- Ngā koranu ātete hiko
- Ngā koranu nikara-konuporameNgā koranu nikara-kōmiuma-rino
- Ngā koranu parahi-nikaramō ngā taura whakamahana
- Ngā Koranu Whakamarumarumō ngā pūoko me ngā taura
- Nikara Parahimō te whatu-whatu
- Ngā koranu aukume ngohengohe
- Ngā koranu whakawhanui whakahaere
- Ngā Rauemi Whakakī Whakarewa
- Waea Dumetmō te hiri karāhe ki te whakarewa
- Rino whakakikoruatia ki te nikara
- Ngā koranu rama
Wā tuku: Akuhata-04-2021
