Tirohanga Whānui mō te Hua:
Ko te waea koranu 4J29, e mōhiotia ana ko te koranu hiri Fe-Ni-Co, ko te waea momo-Kovar rānei, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tono e hiahia ana kia hiritia hermetic te karāhe-ki-te-whakarewa. Kei roto tata ki te 29% te nikara me te 17% te konupora, e hoatu ana ki a ia he whānuitanga wera whakahaere e rite ana ki te karāhe borosilicate. Nā tēnei ka pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā ngongo hiko, ngā whakawhiti korehau, ngā pūoko infrared, me ngā wāhanga ā-rangi.

Te Hanganga o ngā Rauemi:

• Nikara (Ni): ~29%

• Kopara (Ko): ~17%

• Rino (Fe): Taurite

• Ngā huānga kē atu: he iti noa te rahinga o te Mn, Si, C, me ētahi atu.

Te Whānuitanga Wera (30–300°C):~5.0 x 10⁻⁶ /°C
Kiato:~8.2 karamu/cm³
Ātete:~0.42 μΩ·m
Kaha Kume:≥ 450 MPa
Te roa:≥ 25%

Ngā Rahi e Wātea ana:

• Diameter: 0.02 mm – 3.0 mm

• Te roa: i runga i ngā porowhita, i ngā koiri, i ngā roa tapahi rānei e hiahiatia ana

• Mata: Kanapa, maeneene, kāore he waikura

• Āhua: Kua whakamahanahia, kua kumea rānei ki te matao

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua:

• He tino hototahi ki te whakawhānui wera me te karāhe mārō

• He pai mō te hiri ā-hiri i roto i ngā tono hiko me te rererangi

• He pai te kaha ki te whakarewa me te tika o te rahinga

• Ngā āhuatanga aukume pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao rerekē

• Kei te wātea ngā diameter ritenga me ngā kōwhiringa takai

Ngā tono noa:

• Ngā whakawhiti korehau me ngā whakawhiti hiri-karaehe

• Te takai taputapu infrared me te ngaruiti

• Ngā whāngai me ngā hononga mai i te karāhe ki te whakarewa

• Ngā ngongo hiko me ngā arai pūoko

• Ngā wāhanga hiko kua hiritia ki roto i te ao rererangi me te tiaki whenua

Te Tākai me te Tukunga:

• Ka tukuna i roto i ngā takai kirihou, ngā koiri, ngā putea hiri-kore rānei

• He kōwhiringa te takai ārai-waikura me te ārai-makuku

• Ka taea te tuku mā te rangi, te moana, te tere rānei

• Wā tuku: 7–15 ngā rā mahi e ai ki te rahinga

Te Whakahaere me te Rokiroki:
Puritia ki te wāhi maroke, ma. Āta karohia te makuku, te pānga rānei ki ngā matū. Me whakamahana anō pea i mua i te hiri kia pai ai te piri ki te karāhe.