Nicr Parahi PorowhitaKoranu 180Waea Parahi Whakamātao Āhua Tohu Paetahi

1. Whakaahuatanga Whānui o ngā Rauemi

1)

Manganinihe koranu kei roto i te 84% te parahi, 12% te manganese, me te 4% te nikara.

E whakamahia ana te waea me te pepa konutea manganine i roto i te hanga ātete, inā koa te shunt ammeter, nā te mea he tata kore te ātete pāmahana me te pumau mō te wā roa. He maha ngā ātete manganine i whakamahia hei paerewa ture mō te ohm i te United States mai i te tau 1901 ki te 1990. E whakamahia ana hoki te waea manganine hei kaiārahi hiko i roto i ngā pūnaha cryogenic, e whakaiti ana i te whakawhiti wera i waenga i ngā pūwāhi e hiahia ana ki ngā hononga hiko.

Ka whakamahia hoki te Manganin i roto i ngā ine mō ngā rangahau mō ngā ngaru ru pēhanga teitei (pērā i ngā mea i puta mai i te pahūtanga o ngā mea pahū) nā te mea he iti tōna aro ki te totoro engari he teitei tōna aro ki te pēhanga wai.

2)

Konatanāhe koranu parahi-nikora e mōhiotia ana koEureka, Whakamua, meWaka. Ko te nuinga o te wā he 55% te parahi me te 45% te nikara. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua ko tōna ātete, he pumau tonu i runga i te whānuitanga o ngā pāmahana. E mōhiotia ana ētahi atu koranu he rite te iti o ngā tauwehenga pāmahana, pērā i te manganin (Cu₈₆Mn₁₂Ni₂).

Mō te ine i ngā momo taumahatanga tino nui, 5% (50 000 microstrian) neke atu rānei, ko te constantan whakamahana (koranu P) te rauemi whatunga e whiriwhiria ana. He tino ngāwari te Constantan i roto i tēnei āhua; ā, i roto i ngā roa ine o te 0.125 inihi (3.2 mm) me te roa ake, ka taea te tātari ki te >20%. Heoi, me maumahara, i raro i ngā taumahatanga huringa teitei, ka whakaatu te koranu P i ētahi huringa ātete tuturu me ia huringa, ā, ka puta he nekehanga kore e rite ana i roto i te ine taumahatanga. Nā tēnei āhuatanga, me te āhua o te rahunga o te whatunga wawe me te tātaritanga anō, kāore i te tūtohutia te koranu P mō ngā tono taumahatanga huringa. Kei te wātea te koranu P me ngā tau STC o te 08 me te 40 hei whakamahi i runga i ngā konganuku me ngā kirihou.

2. Whakataki me ngā tono mō te Waea Whakakikoruatia

Ahakoa e kiia ana he "enameled", kāore te waea enamel i pania ki tētahi paparanga peita enamel, ki tētahi enamel vitreous rānei i hangaia ki te paura karāhe kua hanumi. Ko te waea aukume hou e whakamahi ana i te kotahi ki te whā paparanga (mō te waea momo kiriata-whā) o te whakamarumaru kiriata polymer, he maha ngā hanganga rerekē e rua, hei whakarato i tētahi paparanga whakamarumaru pakari, tonu. Ko ngā kiriata whakamarumaru waea aukume e whakamahi ana (i runga i te awhe pāmahana e piki haere ana) polyvinyl formal (Formar), polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, polyster, polyester-polyimide, polyamide-polyimide (amide-imide rānei), me te polyimide. Ka taea e te waea aukume whakamarumaru polyimide te mahi tae atu ki te 250 °C. Ko te whakamarumaru o te waea aukume tapawhā matotoru, tapawhā rānei ka whakanuia mā te takai ki tētahi rīpene polyimide pāmahana-tiketike, ki tētahi rīpene muka karāhe rānei, ā, ko ngā takai kua oti te whakaoti ka whakakiia ki tētahi wanihi whakamarumaru hei whakapai ake i te kaha whakamarumaru me te pono mō te wā roa o te takai.

Ka takaihia ngā koiri tautoko-ake ki te waea kua pania ki te iti rawa e rua ngā paparanga, ko te mea o waho he kirihou wera e hono ana i ngā hurihanga ina werahia.

Ko ētahi atu momo whakamarumaru pēnei i te miro muka karāhe me te wanihi, te pepa aramid, te pepa kraft, te mika, me te kiriata polyester e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i te ao mō ngā momo mahi pēnei i ngā whakawhiti hiko me ngā tauhohenga. I roto i te rāngai oro, ka kitea he waea hiriwa, me ētahi atu momo whakamarumaru, pēnei i te miro (i ētahi wā ka whakakiia ki tētahi momo matū whakapūmau/whakamātotoru, pēnei i te ware pi) me te polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Ko ngā rauemi whakamarumaru tawhito ko te miro, te pepa, te hiraka rānei, engari he pai noa iho ēnei mō ngā mahi pāmahana iti (tae atu ki te 105°C).

Hei ngāwari ake i te hanga, he ārai kei roto i ētahi waea aukume pāmahana-iti ka taea te tango mā te wera o te whakapiripiri. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka taea te hono hiko ki ngā pito me te kore e tangohia te ārai i te tuatahi.

3. Te Hanganga Matū me te Āhuatanga Matua o te Koranu Ātete Iti Cu-Ni